Got a cat that loves to play rough? Those playful scratches might seem harmless, but they could lead to a serious bacterial infection called cat scratch fever.
Each year, around 12,000 Americans are affected by this condition, with 500 needing hospitalization. The good news? Most cases are mild and treatable. But knowing the symptoms could make all the difference in catching it early.
Whether you’re a seasoned cat parent or a new pet owner, understanding these 10 key signs of cat scratch fever can help you spot the infection before it becomes serious.
What Is Cat Scratch Fever?
Cat scratch fever, also known as cat scratch disease (CSD), is caused by the bacteria Bartonella henselae. The infection typically occurs when an infected cat scratches, bites, or licks an open wound.
About 40% of cats, especially kittens, carry this bacteria without showing any symptoms themselves. (ref) The disease spreads through cat saliva and claws, with cats acquiring the bacteria primarily through flea bites. While usually mild in healthy individuals, it can become serious in people with weakened immune systems.
Here are the 10 signs to look out for if you think you have it:
1. The Initial Bump or Blister
The first sign appears as a small red bump or blister at the site of the scratch or bite. This mark typically develops within 3-10 days after exposure and may resemble a typical bug bite.
The bump might develop a crust or contain pus, though it usually doesn’t cause much pain. This initial lesion often heals on its own before other symptoms appear.
2. Swollen Lymph Nodes
Lymph node swelling near the scratch or bite site is one of the most distinctive symptoms. The swollen nodes typically appear 1-3 weeks after infection and can range from 1/2 inch to 2 inches in diameter.
These lymph nodes commonly swell in the neck, armpit, or groin area and may become tender and warm to the touch. In some cases, the nodes can become so swollen that they form a tunnel through the skin and drain fluid.
3. Low-Grade Fever
Many patients develop a mild fever, typically below 102°F. The fever usually appears alongside other symptoms and may come and go during the course of the infection.
This low-grade fever often accompanies general flu-like symptoms and might persist for several days or weeks. It’s important to note that not everyone with cat scratch fever develops a fever.
4. Fatigue
Extreme tiredness or fatigue is a common symptom that can significantly impact daily activities. This exhaustion often appears alongside other symptoms and may persist for several weeks.
The fatigue can range from mild to severe, making even simple tasks feel challenging. Many patients report feeling unusually tired despite getting adequate rest.
5. Loss of Appetite
Decreased interest in food often accompanies the infection. This symptom typically appears alongside other systemic symptoms and can lead to unintended weight loss.
The reduced appetite may persist for several days or weeks but usually improves as other symptoms resolve. Some patients might also experience mild nausea.
6. Headache
Persistent headaches can occur as part of the general systemic response to the infection. These headaches may range from mild to moderate in intensity.
The headaches typically respond well to over-the-counter pain relievers and usually improve as the infection resolves.
7. Body Aches
General muscle aches and joint pain may develop during the course of the infection. These aches can affect various parts of the body and may fluctuate in intensity.
The discomfort typically responds well to over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications. Some patients might experience more localized pain near the infection site.
8. Sore Throat
Some patients develop a sore throat as part of the initial symptoms. This discomfort may be mild to moderate and often accompanies other upper respiratory symptoms.
The throat pain usually resolves on its own within a few days to weeks. It may be accompanied by mild difficulty swallowing or general throat discomfort.
9. Eye Problems
In rare cases, the infection can affect the eyes, causing a condition called Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome. (ref) This results in red, irritated, and painful eyes.
Some patients might experience sensitivity to light or notice changes in their vision. These symptoms require immediate medical attention, especially if they worsen or persist.
10. Skin Rash
In some cases, patients with cat scratch fever develop a rash that spreads across the body. This rash can vary in appearance, often accompanied by mild itching or discomfort, and typically emerges later in the infection. It usually fades on its own over several days to weeks as the body clears the infection.
Cat scratch fever, while unsettling by name, is generally a mild condition that resolves without treatment. Knowing the symptoms can help you seek medical attention if needed, particularly if you’re immunocompromised or experiencing severe symptoms.
Enjoying life with your feline friend is safe with a few precautions—practice good hygiene, keep their nails trimmed, and ensure regular flea prevention. If you experience any symptoms after a scratch or bite, a quick consultation with your healthcare provider is recommended for peace of mind and proper care.
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Davin is a jack-of-all-trades but has professional training and experience in various home and garden subjects. He leans on other experts when needed and edits and fact-checks all articles.