Recent research from the University of Wisconsin-Madison has found a disturbing truth about the state’s picturesque waterways.
Scientists have found that the seemingly harmless foam on Wisconsin’s lakes and rivers contains dangerously high concentrations of PFAS, a group of toxic chemicals known for their persistence in the environment and potential harm to human health.1
PFAS Concentrations in Foam Samples
A new study published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology analyzed 36 different types of PFAS in foam samples collected from 43 rivers and lakes across Wisconsin.
Christina Remucal, a co-author of the study and a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UW-Madison, described the PFAS concentrations in the foam as “jaw-dropping.”(ref)
Samples from Lake Monona, for example, showed PFAS levels reaching an alarming 328,000 parts per trillion (ppt), dwarfing the new federal drinking water standard of 4 ppt. This stark contrast highlights the extreme levels of PFAS accumulation in foam compared to surrounding water.
Ubiquitous PFAS Contamination in Wisconsin Waters
PFAS, a class of thousands of synthetic chemicals used in various products, are known for their persistence in the environment and health safety risks. High exposure has been linked to various health issues, including cancer, fertility problems, and immune system dysfunction.(ref)
The study found PFAS concentrations in foam ranged from 50 to 7,000 times higher than levels in the underlying water. While rivers and lakes showed lower overall PFAS levels, ranging from 6 ppt in the Menominee River to 139 ppt in Green Bay, the elevated concentrations in foam called attention to the widespread presence of PFAS contamination across Wisconsin waterways.
Sources of PFAS Contamination & Health Concerns
Lake Monona, heavily impacted by the use of PFAS-containing firefighting foam at the Dane County Regional Airport, exhibited the highest PFAS levels in foam statewide. Other hotspots included Lake Waubesa, the Green Bay shore, and the Peshtigo River.
These findings reinforce existing warnings about avoiding contact with foam on waterways due to health risks. Ingestion of PFAS-laden foam while swimming is also a primary concern.
PFAS Accumulation in Foam Is Widespread
Researchers observed that PFAS, particularly PFOS (a specific type of PFAS), tend to accumulate in foam due to their surfactant properties.
Due to high levels of PFAS found in foam on Wisconsin waterways, the Department of Natural Resources is warning people to be cautious, especially pet owners and parents, as accidental ingestion of the foam could be harmful.(ref)
Environmental Fate
While the study focused on foam, researchers also examined the very top layer of the water column and compared it to deeper layers. They found that PFAS levels were only slightly higher in the top layer, indicating that PFAS accumulation in foam is a distinct phenomenon driven by specific chemical properties.
Meanwhile, the state’s efforts to reduce PFAS levels are stalled due to disagreements between lawmakers on how to use the $125 million budgeted for cleanup.(ref)
This study contributes insights into PFAS in aquatic systems and urges the need for continued research and monitoring to protect public health and the environment.
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Davin is a jack-of-all-trades but has professional training and experience in various home and garden subjects. He leans on other experts when needed and edits and fact-checks all articles.