The vibrant blue of an eastern bluebird’s feathers is more than just a pretty color.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have recently developed a material that replicates the nanostructure responsible for this stunning hue, opening up new possibilities for practical applications1. This is just one example of how nature’s designs are inspiring cutting-edge materials science research.
Here are five more ways biomimetic materials are transforming technology:
1. Gecko-Inspired Adhesives
Geckos have long fascinated scientists with their ability to effortlessly scale vertical surfaces and even hang upside down. The secret lies in the millions of microscopic hair-like structures, called setae, found on their feet. These setae create a strong adhesive force through van der Waals interactions, enabling geckos to stick to almost any surface without leaving behind residue.
Inspired by this natural wonder, researchers have developed gecko-inspired adhesives that mimic the setae structure. These synthetic adhesives boast impressive strength, reusability, and versatility, making them ideal for a wide range of applications, from industrial robotics to medical devices.
2. Butterfly Wing-Inspired Displays
The vibrant colors of butterfly wings arise not from pigments, but from intricate nanostructures that cause light waves to diffract and interfere. Researchers have replicated these structures to develop new color-changing materials and low-power displays.
Anhui Polytechnic University developed anti-reflective solar panels with patterned nanostructures inspired by butterfly wings. (ref) These biomimetic materials could enable brighter, more energy-efficient displays and camouflage technologies.
3. Lotus Leaf-Inspired Self-Cleaning Surfaces
Lotus leaves are extremely water-repellent and self-cleaning thanks to a combination of waxy, hydrophobic cuticles and rough micro-topography.
Water droplets roll off the leaves, picking up dirt particles along the way. Scientists have mimicked this structure in materials like paints, glass, and textiles to create self-cleaning, anti-bacterial surfaces.
For example, TresClean used high-power lasers to etch lotus-like textures onto sheet metal, making it water-repellent and easier to clean – ideal for the food industry. (ref) Lotus-inspired materials reduce the need for harsh cleaning chemicals and frequent washing.
4. Shark Skin-Inspired Swimsuits
Covered in tiny, tooth-like scales called dermal denticles, shark skin features a series of ribbed structures that reduce drag and turbulence as the animal moves through the water. This hydrodynamic design has caught the attention of researchers looking to enhance the performance of swimwear.
By mimicking the shark skin texture, scientists have developed swimsuits that significantly reduce drag and improve swimming efficiency. These biomimetic suits have been worn by numerous Olympic swimmers, contributing to record-breaking performances.
5. Mussel-Inspired Adhesives
The secret to the mussel’s adhesive strength lies in the unique proteins found in the byssus threads and pads. These proteins contain a high concentration of an amino acid called 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), which enables the formation of strong hydrogen bonds and coordination with metal ions, resulting in a tough and water-resistant adhesive.
One notable example is a mussel-inspired surgical adhesive developed by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). (ref) This biocompatible and biodegradable adhesive can strongly bind to tissues even in the presence of blood, making it a promising alternative to sutures and staples for wound closure and tissue repair.
Embracing Nature’s Genius for a Sustainable Future
Nature has been perfecting its designs for millions of years, and it’s no surprise that scientists are turning to these time-tested solutions for inspiration. As research in the field of biomimetic materials advances, we can expect to see even more groundbreaking discoveries and innovations.
The potential of biomimetic materials is limitless, and it’s up to us to unlock their full potential for our benefit and that of generations to come.
Source:
1. https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-create-new-battery-material-by-mimicking-bluebird-feathers
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Davin is a jack-of-all-trades but has professional training and experience in various home and garden subjects. He leans on other experts when needed and edits and fact-checks all articles.