The Icelandic Sheepdog isn’t just an adorable companion; it’s a living piece of history. With roots tracing back over a millennium to Viking settlers in the 9th century¹, this rare spitz breed has stood the test of time, weathering Iceland’s unforgiving landscapes and evolving alongside its people.
For centuries, these spirited dogs have been guardians of sheep and symbols of resilience, embodying the rugged spirit of Iceland itself. Here’s a closer look at how this ancient breed has remained an enduring icon in Icelandic culture—and why its story is unlike any other.
1. Viking Voyagers
Icelandic Sheepdogs trace their roots back to the hardy spitz-type dogs brought by Norse Vikings when they colonized Iceland in 874 AD. These resilient canines accompanied the seafaring settlers on their treacherous journey across the Norwegian Sea, destined to become invaluable companions in the rugged, unforgiving Icelandic landscape.
The dogs’ ancestors are thought to have originated from the same ancestral stock that gave rise to the Norwegian Buhund and Swedish Vallhund. Over centuries of isolation, the breed adapted to the harsh conditions of Iceland, developing a thick double coat and an indomitable spirit.
2. Herding Heroes
From the very beginning, Icelandic Sheepdogs played a vital role in Icelandic agriculture, herding and guarding sheep, cattle, and horses. Their intelligence, agility, and independent working style made them indispensable partners for farmers navigating the rugged Icelandic terrain.
Accounts from the 17th century describe the breed as “the joy of the natives,” with hardly a commoner seen without the company of a dog. These versatile canines were also used to retrieve puffins from their burrows and keep pack-pony trains on the path. (ref)
3. Aristocratic Admirers
Despite their humble beginnings as hardworking farm dogs, Icelandic Sheepdogs caught the eye of European aristocracy during the Middle Ages. By the 16th century, the breed had become a favorite among the upper classes in England and Sweden, prized for their striking appearance and affectionate nature.
Even the great English playwright William Shakespeare gave a nod to these dogs in his play “Henry V,” though not in the most flattering terms. Nonetheless, their popularity among the nobility helped ensure the breed’s survival during turbulent times.
4. Brush with Extinction
Tragically, the Icelandic Sheepdog faced the threat of extinction in the late 19th century when a distemper epidemic swept through the island, wiping out over 75% of the breed’s population. To make matters worse, a ban on importing dogs to Iceland further isolated the remaining gene pool.
By the mid-20th century, the breed was on the brink of disappearing from its homeland. (ref) It was only through the dedicated efforts of enthusiasts like Mark Watson, who exported breeding stock to California in the 1950s, that the Icelandic Sheepdog was saved from oblivion.
5. Cultural Treasure
In a heartwarming turn of events, the Icelandic government recognized the breed’s significance in 1994, declaring the Icelandic Sheepdog a part of the country’s cultural heritage and worthy of protection. This pivotal decision paved the way for concerted conservation efforts and a resurgence in popularity.
Today, with around 5,000 registered individuals worldwide, the Icelandic Sheepdog has been pulled back from the brink, though it remains a relatively rare breed.
6. Genetic Guardians
While the breed’s numbers have stabilized, preserving its genetic diversity remains a priority. Researchers have conducted extensive analyses of the Icelandic Sheepdog’s pedigree, revealing a significant loss of genetic variation during the breed’s early development. (ref)
By identifying genetically important individuals and implementing strategic breeding programs, efforts are underway to safeguard the breed’s long-term health and maintain its unique characteristics.
7. Enduring Companions
From their humble beginnings as Viking companions to their modern-day role as beloved family pets, Icelandic Sheepdogs have proven their resilience and adaptability time and again. Their friendly, affectionate nature and unwavering loyalty have endeared them to generations of Icelanders and dog lovers worldwide.
As you gaze into the intelligent, expressive eyes of an Icelandic Sheepdog, you can’t help but feel a connection to the rich history and indomitable spirit that have shaped this extraordinary breed. Their story is a testament to the enduring bond between humans and dogs, forged over a millennium of shared adventures and challenges.
Source:
1. adventures.is
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Davin is a jack-of-all-trades but has professional training and experience in various home and garden subjects. He leans on other experts when needed and edits and fact-checks all articles.