30 Rattlesnake Species from Around the Globe: Majority in U.S.

Did you know that there are 30 different species of rattlesnakes found across the globe? 

These venomous pit vipers are native to the Americas, with the majority of species residing in the United States’ arid Southwest.1

Their unique rattle system, used to warn potential predators, is just one of the features that make these snakes such intriguing creatures to study and observe.

1. Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: spineback/Deposit Photos

Found in the southeastern United States, they’re the heaviest venomous snake in the Americas. They are easily identified by their diamond-shaped markings and distinctive rattle.

2. Western Diamondback Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: steve_byland/Deposit Photos

Ranging from Arkansas to California and into Mexico, these rattlesnakes boast diamond-shaped markings. They are also known for exhibiting a heat-sensing pit between the eye and nostril.

3. Mojave Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: asbjhb/Deposit Photos

These rattlesnakes live in the deserts of the southwestern United States and central Mexico. They have a greenish-yellow tint and potent venom, making them a formidable presence.

4. Timber Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: radiantreptilia/Deposit Photos

Stretching from southern Canada to northern Florida, these rattlesnakes prefer wooded habitats. Their yellow or black coloration serves as camouflage among trees.

5. Sidewinder Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: DHDeposit18/Deposit Photos

Sidewinders inhabit southwestern US and northwestern Mexican deserts. They move with a unique side-winding motion and sporting a horn-like scale above their eyes.

6. Red Diamond Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: DesignPicsInc/Deposit Photos

They reside in Baja California and nearby Mexican islands. They are known for their reddish-brown hue, diamond patterns, and a rattle that announces their presence.

7. Arizona Black Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: trotalo/Deposit Photos

These snakes dwell in mountainous regions of Arizona and western New Mexico. They boast a dark coloration that helps them blend into rocky surroundings.

8. Pacific Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: yhelfman/Deposit Photos

Found along the Pacific coast from British Columbia to Baja California, their appearance ranges from brown to greenish-gray. They also favor woodlands and rocky terrains.

9. Prairie Rattlesnake

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Inhabiting grasslands, deserts, and forests from Canada to Mexico, these rattlesnakes have distinct yellow, green, or gray colorations and thrive in open spaces.

10. South American Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: adogslifephoto/Deposit Photos

With a range from Costa Rica to Argentina, this snake is the most widespread rattlesnake in South America. They flaunt a distinct yellow tail tip and vibrant color variations.

11. Pygmy Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: raptorcaptor/Deposit Photos

Found in the southeastern United States, Pygmy Rattlesnakes are small, with gray or brown bodies and tiny rattles, making them less noticeable in their habitats.

12. Tiger Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: dndavis/Deposit Photos

These snakes are found in the Sonoran Desert. They have distinctive, narrow crossbands resembling a tiger’s stripes, and they prefer rocky areas.

13. Twin-spotted Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: COHHuK/Deposit Photos

They live in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. They are identified by dual rows of spots on their back and a preference for rocky, mountainous regions.

14. Santa Catalina Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: Dmartin09/Deposit Photos

Endemic to Isla Santa Catalina off Baja California, this species is hard to find and displays unique reddish-brown to gray coloration.

15. Rock Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: Suljo/Deposit Photos

Inhabiting the southwestern United States and parts of Mexico, these rattlesnakes have gray or greenish bodies that blend into their rocky habitats.

16. Speckled Rattlesnake

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Ranging from the southwestern United States to Central America, their name comes from the unique pattern of white, yellow, or orange speckles over a black base color.

17. Grand Canyon Rattlesnake

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Native to the Grand Canyon area, they sport a unique pinkish-brown to grayish-green coloration, allowing them to blend seamlessly with the canyon’s geology.

18. Mottled Rock Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: taviphoto/Deposit Photos

These snakes reside in rocky regions of New Mexico, Texas, and Mexico, featuring a mottled gray to brown appearance that helps them camouflage. They also feed on small rodents and reptiles. 

19. Northwestern Neotropical Rattlesnake

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Ranging from southern Mexico to Panama, they thrive in various habitats. They live in forests and grasslands and exhibit a distinctive reddish-brown hue.

20. Baja California Rattlesnake

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Found in Baja California, Mexico, this species has a unique olive to gray color. Their nocturnal habits make them elusive creatures.

21. Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: Womm123/Deposit Photos

Found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, they have a distinctive ridge on their nose, and their color varies from gray to reddish-brown. They prefer rocky habitats and feeds on small mammals and reptiles.

22. Black-tailed Rattlesnake

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Native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, they have a black tail, which distinguishes them from other rattlesnake species. They inhabit desert regions and prey on rodents and lizards.

23. Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake

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They are often found along the western coast of Mexico. They have a venomous bite and are known for their distinct shades of brown and gray. They thrive in forests and coastal areas, and primarily feed on small mammals.

24. Cascabel Rattlesnake

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Also known as the Mexican Rattlesnake, they are native to Mexico and parts of the southwestern United States. They are recognized for its unique rattle sound and can be found in various habitats, from deserts to forests. 

25. Massasauga Rattlesnake

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This species is native to North America, particularly found in the Great Lakes region and parts of the Midwest. They prefer wetlands and grasslands as habitats and prey on small mammals and amphibians. They are known for their distinctive rattling sound as a warning signal.

26. Desert Massasauga 

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Image Credit: fivespots/Deposit Photos

They are a subspecies of the Massasauga Rattlesnake adapted to arid desert environments in the southwestern United States. They have a venomous bite and blend well with its sandy surroundings. This rattlesnake plays a vital role in controlling rodent populations (ref).

27. Canebrake Rattlesnake 

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Image Credit: YAYImages/Deposit Photos

Also known as the Timber Rattlesnake, they are native to the eastern United States. They inhabit forests, swamps, and river floodplains, preying on small mammals and birds. They are also recognized for its distinctive color and behavior, including a warning rattle when threatened.

28. Great Basin Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: federico24/Deposit Photos

They are found in the western United States, particularly in the Great Basin region’s deserts and mountainous areas. They feed on small mammals and reptiles and help maintain ecological balance in its diverse habitats.

29. Aquatic Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: ramunas/Deposit Photos

They are rare species found in the wetlands of Mexico. They are adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle, hunting for prey in the water. They are known for their unique behavior and habitat preference compared to other species.

30. Midget Faded Rattlesnake

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Image Credit: aaron007/Deposit Photos

They are small species native to the western United States and characterized by their faded colors and small size. They are found in rocky areas and feed on small prey like rodents and lizards. Despite their diminutive size, they make important predators in their ecosystem (ref).

Rattlesnakes are incredibly diverse, with each species having special traits that help them survive in different environments. As we learn more about these amazing creatures, the 30 rattlesnake species that call Earth home show us how interconnected nature is and why we should protect them for the future.

Source:

  1. mdpi.com article
davin
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Davin is a jack-of-all-trades but has professional training and experience in various home and garden subjects. He leans on other experts when needed and edits and fact-checks all articles.