When working on home improvement projects, it’s easy to make mistakes that can impact safety and lead to expensive repairs. One of the most important guidelines to follow is the National Electrical Code (NEC), also known as NFPA 70. This is a standard for safely installing electrical wiring and equipment.
While the NEC itself isn’t a law, it’s often required by local and state regulations, as well as in many other countries. Following the NEC helps keep your home safe from electrical hazards and fires. Are you making any of these common mistakes?
1. Overloading Your Circuits
Overloading a circuit happens when you plug in too many devices or appliances into one outlet, or when you use too much power from a single circuit. This can cause wires to overheat and increase the risk of a fire.
Tip: Always check the wattage of the devices you’re using and make sure the circuit can handle it. If you need more outlets, consider adding a new circuit rather than overloading the existing one.
2. Lack of Ground Fault Protection
First required in 1971, the NEC has expanded Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) use to kitchens, bathrooms, garages, basements, crawlspaces, and outdoors. Since then, GFCIs have saved thousands of lives and cut home electrocutions in half. (ref)
Tip: Install GFCI outlets in wet areas like bathrooms, kitchens, and garages. Make sure to test them regularly to ensure they are working properly. If you’re unsure, hire a professional to install them for you.
3. Blocking Access to GFCIs
GFCIs are safety devices that protect you from electric shock by shutting off power if there’s a difference in the electricity flowing through a circuit. Blocking access to these outlets by putting furniture or other objects in front of them is a serious safety risk.
Tip: Always keep the area around your GFCI outlets clear. Make sure they are easily accessible for testing and resetting if needed.
4. Labeling Breakers Incorrectly
Each breaker in your electrical panel is connected to specific circuits in your home. If you label them incorrectly, it can be confusing and dangerous when you need to turn off power for maintenance or repairs.
Tip: Take time to clearly label each breaker in your panel. Label them with the corresponding room or appliance they control, and make sure to check the labels periodically for accuracy.
5. Overfilling Electrical Boxes
Electrical boxes are designed to hold wires and connections, but overfilling them can lead to overheating or a fire. If there’s too much in the box, it can be difficult to properly install a cover plate or safely make connections.
Tip: Only fill electrical boxes with the number of wires and connections they are designed to hold. If you’re adding more wires, use a bigger box or install a second one to avoid overcrowding.
6. Using Permanent Extension Cords
Extension cords are meant for temporary use, not for permanent wiring. Using them long-term can lead to overheating, fire hazards, or damage to the cord. (ref) Also, only buy cords that have been approved by an independent testing laboratory.
Tip: If you need extra outlets or power in a certain area, install a proper outlet or circuit rather than relying on extension cords. If you do need to use one, make sure it’s heavy-duty and rated for the job.
7. Missing a Dedicated Circuit
A dedicated circuit is a circuit that powers only one appliance or device. If you don’t use one, you risk overloading the circuit, which can cause your system to fail or start a fire.
Tip: For high-powered appliances like refrigerators, microwaves, or air conditioners, make sure they have their own dedicated circuit. This helps prevent overloading and keeps your home safe.
8. Leaving Junction Boxes Open or Missing Them
Junction boxes are used to protect electrical connections. If they are left open or missing, wires can become exposed, increasing the risk of electrical shock or fire.
Tip: Always install and cover junction boxes. They should be securely closed and have the right amount of space to hold connections safely.
9. Using the Wrong Covers for Outdoor Outlets
Outdoor outlets need covers that protect them from the elements like rain or snow. Using indoor covers outside can lead to damage and increase the risk of electric shock.
Tip: Use weatherproof covers designed for outdoor use to keep outlets safe from moisture. Make sure the cover is tightly sealed and can protect the outlet when not in use.
10. Not Having a Neutral Wire at the Switch
A neutral wire is needed for the proper flow of electricity. Without it at the switch, you may not be able to properly install certain light switches or dimmers, which can cause issues with your electrical system.
Tip: When replacing or installing light switches, make sure there’s a neutral wire available in the switch box. If not, call a licensed electrician to help you add one.
11. Replacing Non-Grounding Outlets Incorrectly
Non-grounding outlets lack a ground wire, which is essential for safety. Replacing these incorrectly can lead to shock hazards or damage to devices plugged in.
Tip: If you’re replacing a non-grounding outlet, make sure you’re using the right type of outlet for the job. If grounding isn’t possible, consider using a GFCI outlet to improve safety.
12. Not Installing Tamper-Resistant Outlets
Tamper-resistant outlets prevent children from inserting objects into the slots, which can be dangerous. Failing to install these outlets can increase the risk of electrical accidents.
Tip: Install tamper-resistant outlets in all areas where children have access. These outlets are simple to install and can prevent many potential hazards.
It may seem like extra work, but avoiding these electrical mistakes helps protect you, your family, and your home from dangers. Taking the time to get it right now can save you from costly repairs and safety issues later.
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Davin is a jack-of-all-trades but has professional training and experience in various home and garden subjects. He leans on other experts when needed and edits and fact-checks all articles.