For centuries, horses have carried humanity forward, but recent findings from Nottingham Trent University suggest they’re doing much more than just responding to reins and signals¹.
Horses, it turns out, are strategic thinkers with adaptive intelligence, showing a level of problem-solving skill that may surprise even seasoned equestrians.
These 10 breeds, each with its distinct strengths and personality, reveal the depth of intelligence and versatility horses bring to the table.
1. Marwari Horse
French rider Philippe Perrier, who has been riding for over 80 years, claims that Marwari horses are “more intelligent than any other breed in the world.” (ref) That’s quite a statement! These horses come from India and are known for their curved ears and strong bond with their riders.
Their intelligence helps them learn quickly and perform well in various tasks. If you’re looking for a horse that can understand and respond to you easily, the Marwari might be the perfect choice.
2. Arabian Horse
Arabian horses are not just beautiful; they are incredibly smart. Studies have shown that they can recognize complex patterns and even solve problems. (ref) This means they can think critically and figure things out on their own. They are often known for their endurance and strength, making them great for long rides.
Imagine riding an Arabian and knowing that your horse understands more than just basic commands. Their intelligence helps them form a strong connection with their owners, making them wonderful companions.
3. Andalusian Horse
Andalusian horses, originating from Spain, are not only strikingly beautiful but also quite clever. They are known for their graceful movements and are often used in dressage and other equestrian disciplines. Their intelligence allows them to learn tricks and complex movements easily.
If you train an Andalusian, you’ll find they pick up new skills quickly and enjoy performing them. They also have a gentle temperament, making them great for riders of all experience levels.
Riding an Andalusian is like partnering with a horse that’s not only smart but also eager to please.
4. Thoroughbred
Thoroughbreds are famous for their speed and athleticism, but they are also quite intelligent. A 2023 Thoroughbred Census in Britain revealed that these horses are versatile and involved in many activities.
Some compete in dressage (11%), show jumping (8%), eventing (8%), showing (7%), endurance (3%), and polo (3%). However, the largest group, 36%, enjoys a more laid-back life through leisure riding and hacking. (ref)
Their intelligence helps them adapt to various disciplines, and they love to work with their riders. Whether racing or just enjoying a quiet trail ride, Thoroughbreds are ready for anything!
5. Friesian Horse
Friesians are known for their striking black coats and flowing manes, but they are also smart horses. Originally from the Netherlands, they were used as draft horses, which means they were strong and hardworking.
They are intelligent and have a great memory, which helps them learn commands quickly. They excel in dressage and are known for their elegant movements.
If you train a Friesian, you’ll notice they enjoy learning and often show off their skills.
6. Morgan Horse
The Morgan horse has a fascinating history that starts in the late 1780s. Justin Morgan, a teacher and businessman, got a young colt named Figure. This horse was strong and talented, quickly becoming famous and even legendary!
He became known as the Justin Morgan horse, which founded the Morgan breed. By the mid-1800s, Morgans were widely popular in the United States. They were versatile workhorses, essential for farming and other tasks. During the Civil War, they served as mounts for cavalry and artillery units.
Fast forward to today, and Morgans are considered some of the top show horses in the country. (ref)
7. Clydesdale
Clydesdales are known for their impressive size and strength. Originating from Scotland, these gentle giants were originally bred for heavy farm work. You might recognize them from their beautiful bay coats and white markings, especially on their legs.
Despite their size, they are very agile for draft horses. This intelligence allows them to learn commands quickly, which is why they are often used in parades and shows.
They love to be around people and thrive on attention, making them a delightful choice for those who enjoy interacting with their horses.
8. Appaloosa
The Appaloosa horse is unique and beautiful, known for its colorful spotted coat. The Nez Perce (Niimipu) Tribe highly valued Appaloosas for their “gentleness, endurance, surefootedness, speed and beauty.” (ref) These horses are not just good-looking; they are incredibly versatile and can excel in various disciplines, from racing to showing.
Appaloosas are known for their strong bond with their riders. Their intelligence makes them quick learners, which means they can easily pick up new skills.
9. Gypsy Cob
Gypsy Cobs, also known as Gypsy Vanners, are charming horses with long manes and flowing feathers on their legs. Originally bred by the Romani people for pulling caravans, these horses are known for their strength and gentle disposition. They are intelligent and eager to please, making them easy to train.
They are also versatile and can be used for various activities, from dressage to trail riding. Their friendly nature means they usually get along well with people and other animals.
10. Hanoverian
Hanoverians are one of the most well-known warmblood breeds, famous for their success in dressage and show jumping. Originating from Germany, these horses are known for their athleticism and intelligence. They have strong builds and are often described as having a noble appearance.
Hanoverians are not only talented but also eager to learn, which makes them great partners in the ring. Their intelligence allows them to quickly pick up new skills, and with their friendly nature and strong work ethic, they are great companions for riders of all levels.
That said, horses are truly amazing companions that deserve our respect and admiration.
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Nancy has been a plant person from an early age. That interest blossomed into a bachelor’s in biology from Elmira College and a master’s degree in horticulture and communications from the University of Kentucky. Nancy worked in plant taxonomy at the University of Florida and the L. H. Bailey Hortorium at Cornell University, and wrote and edited gardening books at Rodale Press in Emmaus, PA. Her interests are plant identification, gardening, hiking, and reading.