There are vast numbers of orchids, with over 28,000 species and many hybrids.1 This diversity means each orchid type has specific needs and cultivation challenges.
While traditionally grown in soil or bark mixtures, a growing trend is emerging that offers a simpler, cleaner, and often more successful approach: growing orchids exclusively in water.
This method, known as water culture or hydroponics, eliminates the guesswork of watering and provides an opportunity to observe the intricate root systems of these plants.
Why You Should Grow Orchids in Water
Growing orchids in water offers numerous advantages over traditional soil-based cultivation:
- Healthier Roots: Orchids are prone to root rot when overwatered in soil. Water culture provides a controlled environment where roots receive adequate oxygen and moisture, preventing rot and promoting healthier growth.
- Reduced Risk of Pests and Diseases: Soil can harbor pests and pathogens that can damage orchids. Water culture eliminates this risk, reducing the need for pesticides and fungicides.
- Easier Maintenance: Water culture simplifies orchid care by eliminating the need for repotting and soil amendments. Simply refresh the water and add nutrients as needed.
- Enhanced Aesthetics: Growing orchids in clear glass containers allows you to appreciate their unique root systems and creates a visually striking display.
- Versatility: Water culture is suitable for various orchid types, including Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, and Dendrobium.
- Improved Growth and Flowering: Many orchid enthusiasts report faster growth and more frequent blooming in water culture compared to soil.
- Sustainable and Eco-Friendly: Water culture conserves water and reduces the need for soil and fertilizers, making it a more sustainable option for orchid cultivation.
- Fun and Educational: Growing orchids in water can be a rewarding and educational experience, allowing you to observe their growth and development up close.
Steps of Growing Orchids in Water
Growing orchids in water requires specific steps to ensure success:
- Orchid Selection: Choose a healthy orchid suitable for water culture, such as Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, or Dendrobium. Avoid orchids with sensitive root systems or those prone to rot.
- Preparation: Gently remove the orchid from its pot and carefully remove all potting media, including bark, moss, and perlite. Rinse the roots thoroughly to remove any debris. Trim any dead or damaged roots with sterilized scissors.
- Container Selection: Choose a clear glass or plastic container with drainage holes. The container should be large enough to accommodate the orchid’s root system comfortably.
- Water Quality: Use clean, filtered water. Tap water can contain chlorine and other chemicals that can harm orchids. If using tap water, let it sit for 24 hours to allow the chlorine to evaporate.
- Water Level: Fill the container with water so that the bottom third of the roots are submerged. Avoid submerging the crown or leaves, as this can lead to rot.
- Fertilization: Add a diluted orchid fertilizer to the water according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Fertilize once a month during the growing season and less frequently during the dormant period.
- Water Changes: Change the water every seven to 10 days or when it becomes cloudy. Rinse the roots and container thoroughly before refilling with fresh water.
- Light and Temperature: Provide adequate light and temperature for the specific orchid type. Most orchids prefer bright, indirect light and temperatures between 65-85°F.
- Support: If necessary, use stakes or clips to support the orchid stem and prevent it from toppling over.
- Observation and Adjustment: Monitor the orchid’s growth and adjust water levels, fertilization, and light as needed. Watch for signs of rot, pests, or diseases and take action immediately.
Tips for Growing Orchids in Water
To ensure your orchids thrive in water, follow these essential care tips:
Water Quality
- Use filtered or distilled water to avoid chlorine and mineral buildup.
- If using tap water, let it sit for 24 hours to allow chlorine to evaporate.
- Change the water every 7-10 days or when it appears cloudy.
Container
- Choose a clear container to monitor root health and water levels.
- Thoroughly clean the container every 7-10 days when changing the water.
- Select a container size that allows for root growth but avoids overcrowding.
Water Level
- Submerge only the bottom third of the roots in water.
- Avoid wetting the crown or leaves, as this can cause rot.
- Adjust water levels as the roots grow and during different seasons.
Fertilization
- Use a balanced orchid fertilizer specifically formulated for water culture.
- Dilute the fertilizer to half or quarter strength.
- Fertilize every 2-3 weeks during the growing season and reduce frequency during dormancy.
Additional Tips
- Clean the container thoroughly before each water change.
- Rinse the roots gently to remove any debris or algae.
- Don’t over-fertilizer. Only use a small amount at a time..
If your orchid isn’t thriving, try adjusting the care routine or consider returning it to a traditional potting medium.
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Orchids have captivated humans for centuries with their enchanting beauty and diverse hues. Each color holds a special meaning waiting to be discovered.
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Nancy has been a plant person from an early age. That interest blossomed into a bachelor’s in biology from Elmira College and a master’s degree in horticulture and communications from the University of Kentucky. Nancy worked in plant taxonomy at the University of Florida and the L. H. Bailey Hortorium at Cornell University, and wrote and edited gardening books at Rodale Press in Emmaus, PA. Her interests are plant identification, gardening, hiking, and reading.