In a large bowl, mix the ground turkey, panko, two-thirds of the scallions, ¼ cup cilantro, egg, chili-garlic sauce, 1 tablespoon fish sauce, ginger, and ½ teaspoon salt. Combine thoroughly. With wet hands, shape into 20 two-tablespoon-sized meatballs. Arrange on a plate and refrigerate for 15 minutes.
Heat oil in a 12-inch nonstick skillet over medium-high heat until shimmering. Brown the meatballs on all sides, 5–7 minutes. Remove from skillet and set aside.
Add bell peppers to the skillet and cook in the remaining fat until beginning to brown, about 2 minutes. Stir in rice and cook, stirring frequently, until edges of rice turn translucent, about 1 minute. Add water, coconut milk, remaining 1 tablespoon fish sauce, and remaining ½ teaspoon salt. Bring to a boil, then return meatballs to the skillet. Cover, reduce heat to low, and cook for 20 minutes.
Remove skillet from heat and let sit, covered, for 10 minutes. Stir peas into the rice and allow to heat through, about 2 minutes. Sprinkle with peanuts, remaining scallions, and ¼ cup cilantro. Serve with lime wedges and additional chili-garlic sauce.