Preheat and Prepare: Heat your oven to 400°F. While the oven preheats, begin preparing the dressing and the squash.
Whisk the Dressing: In a small bowl, whisk together the olive oil, balsamic vinegar, Dijon mustard, garlic, maple syrup, salt, and pepper. Stir until well combined and smooth. Set aside for later.
Roast the Butternut Squash: Spread the diced butternut squash evenly across a baking sheet. Drizzle it with olive oil, then sprinkle with salt and pepper. Toss everything together so the squash is coated, then spread it out into a single layer. Roast for 40 to 45 minutes, stirring halfway through, until the squash is tender and golden brown. Let it cool slightly when done.
Cook the Lentils: In a saucepan, combine 5 cups of water and the rinsed lentils. Bring the water to a boil, then lower the heat to a gentle simmer. Cover the pot and cook for 15 to 20 minutes, or until the lentils are tender but not mushy. Drain them using a fine-mesh sieve and allow them to cool slightly.
Assemble the Salad: In a large bowl, add the roasted butternut squash, cooked lentils, kale, diced shallot, pumpkin seeds, cranberries, and feta cheese. Drizzle the dressing over the mixture and gently toss everything until evenly combined.
Finish and Serve: Sprinkle freshly chopped parsley on top for garnish. Serve the salad immediately or store it in the fridge for later use.